Introduction
Jharkhand is located in the eastern part of India. The state shares its borders with West Bengal in the east, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh in the west, Bihar in the north and Odisha in the south. In India, Jharkhand is one of the leading states in terms of economic growth.
At current prices, Jharkhand’s gross state domestic product (GSDP) is estimated to stand at Rs. 6.24 trillion (US$ 66.92 billion) in FY27. The GSDP increased at a CAGR of 10.57% between FY16 and FY27.
Jharkhand is one of the richest mineral zones in the world and boasts 40% and 29% of India's mineral and coal reserves, respectively. Due to its large mineral reserves, mining and mineral extraction are the major industries in the state. Mineral production in the state stood at 138.15 million tonnes in FY23.
Jharkhand is rich in mineral resources such as coal (27.3% of India’s reserves), iron ore (26% of India’s reserves), copper ore (18.5% of India’s reserves), uranium, mica, bauxite, granite, limestone, silver, graphite, magnetite, and dolomite. Jharkhand is the only state in India to produce coking coal, uranium, and pyrite.
With 26% of the total iron ore (hematite) reserves, Jharkhand ranks second among the states.
The state’s industries enjoy a unique location-specific advantage as it is close to the vast market of eastern India. It is closer to the ports of Kolkata, Haldia, and Paradip which helps in the transportation of minerals.
According to the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), cumulative foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in Jharkhand stood Rs. 19,476.06 crore (US$ 2.67 billion) between October 2019- March 2026.
As of March 2023, the number of IEMs filed were 3 and the value of proposed investments stood at Rs. 424 crore (US$ 51.6 million).
Total exports from the state stood at Rs. 20,847 crore (US$ 2.37 billion) in FY26.
Major export items include Engineering Goods, Mica, Coal and Other Ores, Minerals Including Process, Ready-made Garments of All Textiles, and Rice. Engineering Goods accounted for the largest share of the state's exports at 37.51%.
As of FY26, Jharkhand had a total installed power generation capacity of 3,877.85 MW, comprising 855.54 MW under private utilities, 550.05 MW under state utilities, and 2,472.26 MW under central utilities. The state's installed capacity included 3,421.28 MW of thermal power, 176.98 MW of hydro power, and 279.59 MW of other renewable energy sources (RES).
According to the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), Jharkhand had 26.04 million wireless and 0.58 million wireline subscribers, as of December 2025.
As of December 2025, tele-density in the state stood at 65.13%.
Jharkhand offers a wide range of fiscal and policy incentives to industries, under the Industrial Policy, 2012. The state also has policies for IT and special economic zones (SEZs) offering sector-specific incentives, as well as the Jharkhand Energy Policy 2012 which aims to supply reliable and quality power in an efficient manner at a reasonable price.
About 80% of the rural population of the state depends on agriculture. Rice is the major food crop of the state, covering 80% of the cropped area.
Recent Developments
- On January 31, 2026, at the World Economic Forum (Davos 2026), Jharkhand unveiled a new investment roadmap focused on value-added manufacturing, capital efficiency, and decentralized job creation, marking a strategic shift beyond mining and positioning the state for diversified, sustainable industrial growth.
- In October 2025, the Centre approved four new medical colleges in Jharkhand under the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model at Khunti, Jamtara, Dhanbad, and Giridih.
- In September 2025, Jharkhand approved 1,117 new rural health sub-centres worth Rs. 6,199.35 crore (US$ 720.10 million) to improve primary healthcare access.
- In September 2025, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) announced an investment of Rs. 1,573 crore (US$ 182.72 million) to strengthen 4G infrastructure in Jharkhand, covering around 2,750 remote villages.
- In September 2025, the Union Cabinet approved the doubling of the Bhagalpur-Dumka-Rampurhat rail track (spanning about 177 km across Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal) with an investment of Rs. 3,169 crore (US$ 368.10 million).
- In May 2025, Jharkhand has received Rs. 3,059 crore (US$ 355.33 million) in investment proposals following the Chief Minister’s Europe visit, including a major plan for a convention centre in Ranchi.
- In April 2025, Coal India Limited and Damodar Valley Corporation have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to develop a 2×800 MW ultra-supercritical coal-fired power plant in Jharkhand, with a total investment of Rs. 16,500 crore (US$ 1.92 billion).
- On February 6, 2025, Jharkhand secured Rs. 26,000 crore (US$ 3.02 billion) in investment proposals at the Bengal Global Business Summit, with half directed towards the steel sector and the rest spread across renewable energy, food processing, textiles, and logistics.
- On January 27, 2025, JSW Group announced a Rs. 2,600 crore (US$ 302.01 million) investment to develop two copper mines and a concentrator plant in Jharkhand under an Mine Operator & Developer (MDO) contract with Hindustan Copper Limited.
- The Centre plans to invest Rs. 2,00,000 crore (US$ 23.23 billion) in national highway and related infrastructure projects in Jharkhand, including corridors such as Varanasi-Ranchi-Kolkata and Ranchi-Varanasi.
- In October 2024, Union Minister Mr. Satish Chandra Dubey has laid the foundation stone of two coal handling projects worth Rs 732 crore (US$ 87.77 million) in Jharkhand.
- In September 2024, the central government announced a budget of over Rs. 7,000 crore (US$ 839.33 million) for the development of rail infrastructure in Jharkhand.
- In August 2023, TCPL Green Energy Solutions (TCPLGES), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tata Cummins Private Limited (TCPL), signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Government of Jharkhand to set up a manufacturing plant to produce low-to-zero-emission technologies for mobility solutions and announced to invest Rs. 350 crore (US$ 42 million) over the next few years.
- In four years (2018-19 and 2021-22), Jharkhand attracted new investment proposals of over Rs. 1.10 lakh crore (US$ 13 billion) completed projects of Rs. 52,893 crore (US$ 6.45 billion), and revived pending proposals worth Rs. 287.45 crore (US$ 35.1 million), according to the study jointly conducted by the MSME Export Promotion Council and the Confederation of Organic Food Producers & Marketing Agencies (COII).
- Union Minister of Roads Transport and Highways, Mr. Nitin Gadkari, in March 2023, promised to bolster infrastructure in Jharkhand and asserted that Rs. 2 lakh crore (US$ 24 billion) highway network will be rolled out in the state by 2024.
- In March 2024, Union Minister for Road Transport & Highways, Mr Nitin, laid foundation stone of two National Highway projects at a cost of more than Rs. 2500 crore (US$ 301.93 million) in a program organized yesterday in Khunti, Jharkhand.
- Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi inaugurated the Deoghar airport in July 2022, which has been constructed at an estimated cost of Rs. 400 crore (US$ 48.8 million). The Terminal Building of the airport is equipped to handle over five lakh passengers annually.
- The Jharkhand government unveiled an ambitious new solar policy (Jharkhand Solar Policy, 2022) which is aimed at increasing clean energy capacity up to 4,000 megawatts in the next five years.
- Jharkhand has one Jharkhand State Open University (JSOU), 20 State Public Universities, and 15 State Private Universities.
- As per the State Budget 2024-25, the government allocated Rs. 6,017 crore (US$ 726.69 million) for the agriculture and allied activities sector.
- The state cabinet on September 29, 2022, approved the draft of the Jharkhand Industrial Parks and Logistics Policy, 2022. Effective for the next five years, the policy is aimed at boosting the industrial infrastructure in Jharkhand by wooing private players to set up industrial parks by providing financial subsidies up to Rs. 75 crore (US$ 9.2 million).
Key Sectors
- In State Budget FY27, Jharkhand has estimated Rs. 14,656 crore (US$ 1.56 billion) revenue from cess on mineral-bearing land, up from Rs. 13,442 crore (US$ 1.44 billion) in FY26 RE.
- In State Budget FY27, the Jharkhand Budget Stabilisation Fund is proposed to receive Rs. 1,209 crore (US$ 129.07 million) to safeguard state finances against future fluctuations in mining revenue.
- In State Budget FY27, Rs. 6,468 crore (690.5 million) has been allocated to Agriculture and Allied Activities, including Rs. 1,115 crore (119.0 million) for capital outlay and Rs. 246 crore (26.3 million) for the State Horticulture Development Scheme.
- In State Budget FY27, Rs. 19,320 crore (US$ 2.06 billion) has been allocated to Education, Sports, Arts and Culture, including Rs. 2,093 crore (223.4 million) for Sarva Siksha Abhiyan.
- In State Budget FY27, Rs. 7,379 crore (787.8 million) has been allocated to the Energy sector, including Rs. 5,405 crore (577.1 million) towards power tariff subsidies for consumers.
- In State Budget FY27, revenue surplus is estimated at Rs. 15,358 crore (US$ 1.64 billion) (2.5% of GSDP), while fiscal deficit is targeted at Rs. 13,596 crore (US$ 1.45 billion) (2.2% of GSDP).
- In FY25, Jharkhand’s fish production rose sharply to 3.63 lakh metric tonnes, marking the highest growth among all state sectors and reflecting a more than 25-fold increase since the state’s formation.
- As per the Economic Survey of Jharkhand 2024-25, the total cultivated area under kharif crops stood at 1,839.64 thousand hectares in 2024-25, of which paddy occupied ~84% of the total area.
- To commemorate World Tribal Day, Jharkhand Chief Minister Mr. Hemant Soren said that the state government would provide farming machinery, equipment, and other items worth Rs. 734 crore (US$ 100 million) to 2 lakh farmers in August 2021.
- The state's raw silk production stood at 2,402 MT in FY20, 2184 MT in FY21, 1,046 in FY22 and 874 MT in FY23.
- The natural resources, policy incentives and location-specific advantages of Jharkhand support investments in sectors such as mining and metal extraction, engineering, iron and steel, and chemicals.
- As Jharkhand has around 40% of the country’s mineral wealth, its extensive mineral resources make mining, metals, and related sectors especially lucrative for investments.
- The major growth drivers of the engineering industry in Jharkhand are the availability of raw materials (iron and steel, aluminium, copper and other metals and non-metals), power, water, and industrial labour.
- As per the Economic Survey of Jharkhand 2024-25, the total cultivated area under kharif crops stood at 1,839.64 thousand hectares in 2024-25, of which paddy occupied ~84% of the total area.
Jharkhand is a mineral-rich, fast-growing state in eastern India, anchored by strong fundamentals in mining, metals, power and engineering. With a GSDP of US$ 64.61 billion in FY26 and abundant reserves of coal, iron ore and other strategic minerals, the state is a critical supplier to India’s industrial and steel ecosystem. Proximity to eastern markets and major ports, rising infrastructure investment across roads, railways, power and healthcare, and steady inflows into steel, energy, mining and logistics are strengthening its investment profile. Supported by sector-specific industrial, energy and logistics policies, alongside expanding connectivity and social infrastructure, Jharkhand is emerging as a key hub for resource-led manufacturing and sustainable industrial growth.
FACTFILE
Capital
RanchiGeographical Area (sq km)
79,714State Language
Hindi, Santhali, Urdu, Bengali and EnglishLiteracy Rate
66.4 per centKey Industries:
Mining and mineral extraction
Iron and steel
Engineering
Chemicals
Handloom
Food and beverages
Automotive
Cement
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