Cement industry in India

India is the second-largest producer of cement in the world, accounting for more than 7% of the global installed capacity.

Advantage India

Robust
Demand

* As per ICRA, in FY22, the cement production in India is expected to increase by ~12% YoY, driven by rural housing demand and government’s strong focus on infrastructure development.

* As per Crisil Ratings, the Indian cement industry is likely to add ~80 million tonnes (MT) capacity by FY24, the highest since the last 10 years, driven by increasing spending on housing and infrastructure activities.

Attractive
Opportunities

* In October 2021, Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi, launched the ‘PM Gati Shakti - National Master Plan (NMP)’ for multimodal connectivity. Gati Shakti will bring synergy to create a world-class, seamless multimodal transport network in India. This will boost the demand for cement in the future.

Long-term
Potential

* Oligopoly market, where large players have partial pricing control.

* Low threat from substitutes.

* Indian cement companies are amongst the world’s greenest cement manufacturers.

* With high allocation under the Union Budget 2023-24 for infrastructure, affordable housing schemes and road projects to fuel the economy, the domestic cement industry is poised for a volume surge.

Increasing
Investments

*FDI inflows in the industry, related to the manufacturing of cement and gypsum products, reached US$ 5.49 billion between April 2000-December 2022.

*In 2021, as remote work is being adopted at a fast pace amid the pandemic, the demand for affordable houses, with a ticket size of <Rs. 40-50 lakh (US$ 53,694- 67,118), is expected to rise in Tier 2 and 3 cities, leading to an increase in demand for cement.

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Last updated: Sep, 2023

Cement Industry Report

May, 2023

Introduction

India is the second-largest producer of cement in the world. It accounts for more than 8% of the global installed capacity. India has a lot of potential for development in the infrastructure and construction sector and the cement sector is expected to largely benefit from it. Furthermore, on the back of rising rural housing demand, the consumption of cement in India has been growing consistently as it is one of the cheapest products to buy in terms of Rs./kg. Strong expansion of the industrial sector, which has fully recovered from the COVID-19 pandemic shock, is one of the main demand drivers for the cement industry. As a result, there is a strong potential for an increase in the long-term demand for the cement industry. Some of the recent initiatives, such as the development of 98 smart cities, are expected to significantly boost the sector.

Aided by suitable Government foreign policies, several foreign players such as Lafarge-Holcim, Heidelberg Cement, and Vicat have invested in the country in the recent past. A significant factor which aids the growth of this sector is the ready availability of raw materials for making cement, such as limestone and coal.

Currently, the installed cement capacity in India is 553 MTPA with a production of 298 MTPA.

Market Size

The cement demand in India is exhibiting a CAGR of 5.65% between 2016-22. As India has a high quantity and quality of limestone deposits through-out the country, the cement industry promises huge potential for growth. India has a total of 210 large cement plants, of which 77 are in Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu. Nearly 32% of India's cement production capacity is based in South India, 20% in North India, 13% in Central, 15% in West India, and the remaining 20% is based in East India. India's cement production is expected to increase at a CAGR of 5.65% between FY16-22, driven by demands in roads, urban infrastructure and commercial real estate. India's cement production was expected to range between 380-390 million tonnes in FY23, a growth rate of 8-9% year-on-year (yoy).

Between FY12 and FY23, the installed capacity grew by 61% to 570 MT from 353 in FY22. The Indian cement sector's capacity is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4-5% over the four-year period up to the end of the FY27. It would thus begin the 2028 financial year at 715-725 MT/ year in installed capacity.

The consumption of cement in India is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.68% from FY16 to FY22. As per Crisil Ratings, the Indian cement industry is likely to add ~80 million tonnes (MT) capacity by FY24, the highest in the last 10 years, driven by increasing spending on housing and infrastructure activities.

Investments

FDI inflows in the industry, related to the manufacturing of cement and gypsum products, reached US$ 5.49 billion between April 2000-December 2022.
Real estate sector received the highest value of PE/VC investments in Q1 (January-March) of 2023 at US$5 billion, registering an year-over-year 123% growth.
Real estate sector received the highest value of PE/VC investments in Q1 (January-March) of 2023 at US$5 billion, registering an year-over-year 123% growth.
In 2022, PE/VC investments in real estate and infrastructure stood at US$ 5.81 billion across 71 deals and US$ 7.9 billion across 47 deals respectively.
PE/VC investments in real estate and infrastructure witnessed a sharp growth of 27%, at US$ 13.7 billion in December 2022 as compared to US$ 10.7 billion in December 2021
As per DGCIS, India’s export of Portland cement, aluminous cement, slag cement, super sulphate cement and similar hydraulic cement stood at US$ 118.15 million in FY21.
In 2021, working remotely is being adopted at a fast pace and demand for affordable houses with ticket sizes below Rs. 40-50 lakh (US$ 53,694-67,118) is expected to rise in Tier 2 and 3 cities, leading to an increase in demand of cement.

Some of the major investments and development in Indian cement industry are as follows:

In May 2023, Dalmia Cement (Bharat) launched Dalmia Supreme cement, a Portland pozzolana cement (PPC), in the Eastern India market.
In April 2023, Dalmia Bharat's wholly-owned material subsidiary-Dalmia Cement (Bharat) commenced commercial production at its second cement line at its Bokaro, Jharkhand Cement Works 2 (JCW2).
In April 2023, UltraTech Cement commissioned an upgrade to its grinding plant at Patliputra in Bihar. The 2.2 million tonnes (MT) per year upgrade brings the total capacity of the unit to 4.7 MT per year.
Ambuja Cements' parent company-Adani Group has said that the cement producer aims to more than double its sales to US$ 8.5 billion in 2028. Ambuja Cements currently was expecting to record sales of US$ 3.61 billion in 2023.
Dalmia Bharat plans to expand its footprint in Central, Northern, and Western India through capital expenditure investments, in order to reach a pan-India cement capacity of 54 MT/year by the end of FY24.
In December 2022, UltraTech Cement completed a greenfield grinding capacity at the Dhule Grinding unit in Maharashtra with a capability of 1.8 million tonnes per annum (MTPA).
In December 2022, UltraTech Cement commissioned a second grinding capacity with a brownfield clinker of 1.8 MPTA capacity at Dhar Cement Works in Madhya Pradesh.
In September 2022, a 6.7 Mega Watts ground-mounted solar project was completed by Shree Cement Group in Haryana.
In August 2022, an integrated cement unit of 3 million tonnes capacity is being set up in Andhra Pradesh. The project is estimated to complete by Q2 of FY 2024-25.
Ametha Integrated Unit will be set to be commissioned by July 2023, which is expected to increase cement capacity by 3.3 MTPA.
In June 2022, UltraTech Cement approved Rs. 12,886 crore (US$ 1.65 billion) capital expenditure to increase capacity by 22.6 million tonnes per annum (MTPA) through brownfield and greenfield projects.
PE/VC investments in real estate and infrastructure stood at US$ 338 million and US$ 795 million respectively in September 2022.
Cement production in India increased by 12.1% in September 2022 compared to September 2021.
In October 2022, UltraTech announced that it has been granted Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) certificates for four of its cement products, which are Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC), Portland Slag Cement (PSC) and PCC (Portland Composite Cement).
In May 2022, Adani Group acquired a 63.1% stake in Ambuja Cements Ltd along with related assets. Ambuja's local subsidiaries include ACC Ltd, which is also publicly traded.
In February 2022, ACC Limited, announced the successful commissioning of a 1.6 MTPA Grinding Unit (GU) at Tikaria in Uttar Pradesh.
In November 2021, UltraTech Cement announced its commitment to the Global Cement and Concrete Association (GCCA) 2050 Cement and Concrete Industry Roadmap to produce carbon-neutral concrete by 2050.
In November 2021, Dalmia Cement announced plans to produce 100% low carbon cement by 2031. The company has a US$ 405-million carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) investment plan to help it realise its goal.
Dalmia Cement plans to spend US$ 1.35 billion to increase its installed cement capacity by 52% to 50MT/yr from 33MT/yr before FY2024.
In November 2021, Dalmia Cement announced plans to invest US$ 70.1 million for setting up its upcoming 2MT/yr cement plant in Bokaro, Jharkhand.
In October 2021, JK Cement Ltd. signed a long-term strategic Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Punjab Renewable Energy Systems Private Limited (PRESPL). The MoU is part of JK Cement’s attempts to decarbonize its operations and significantly scale-up the use of biomass-based and alternate fuels as replacements to fossil fuels, like coal, in its manufacturing operations.
In October 2021, JSW Group collaborated with Salesforce to support an ambitious digital strategy. Using Salesforce’s Sales Cloud and Service Cloud, JSW Group will offer a single group interface, enhancing distribution, customer experience and supply chain for the large project division across its steel and cement businesses.
In October 2021, Hyderabad-based Penna Cement Industries, received approval from the capital markets regulator Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), to go ahead with its Rs. 1,550 crore (US$ 206.75 million) initial public offering (IPO).
In September 2021, Ambuja Cement launched ‘Concrete Futures Laboratory’, a one-stop solution that will enable budding professionals to test, learn and experience various aspects of cement and concrete.
In September 2021, the Odisha government approved Ramco Cements expansion plan with an additional grinding capacity of 0.9 MTPA capacity at Haridaspur in Jajpur with an investment value of Rs.190 crore (US$ 25.5).

Government Initiatives

In order to help private sector companies, thrive in the industry, the Government has been approving their investment schemes. Some of the initiatives taken by the Government off late are as below:

As per the Union Budget 2023-24:
- Government approved an outlay of US$ 32.57 billion (Rs. 2.7 lakh crore) for the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways which is likely to boost demand for cement.
- Under the housing for all segment, in 2023-24 the budget estimate for Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana is US$ 9.63 billion (Rs. 79,590 crore), a 66% rise than the last year’s budget estimate of US$ 6.43 billion (Rs 48,000 crore) in 2022-23.
As per Invest India, National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) expanded to 9,305 projects from 7,400 projects.
In October 2021, Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi, launched the ‘PM Gati Shakti - National Master Plan (NMP)’ for multimodal connectivity. Gati Shakti will bring synergy to create a world-class, seamless multimodal transport network in India. This will boost the demand for cement in the future.
The Union Budget allocated Rs. 13,750 crore (US$ 1.88 billion) and Rs. 12,294 crore (US$ 1.68 billion) for Urban Rejuvenation Mission: AMRUT and Smart Cities Mission and Swachh Bharat Mission.

Road Ahead

The Indian government is firmly focused on infrastructure development to spur economic growth and is striving for full infrastructure coverage to establish smart cities. The government plans to increase the capacity of railways and the facilities for handling and storage to enable the transfer of cement and cut out on transportation costs. These measures are expected to result in an increased construction activity in the country, thereby boosting demand for cement.

The eastern states of India are likely to be the newer and untapped markets for cement companies and could contribute to their bottom line in future. In the next 10 years, India could become the main exporter of clinker and gray cement to the Middle East, Africa, and other developing nations of the world. Cement plants near the ports, for instance the plants in Gujarat and Visakhapatnam, will have an added advantage for export and will logistically be well armed to face stiff competition from cement plants in the interior of the country. India’s cement production capacity is expected to reach 550 MT by 2025. A number of foreign players are also expected to enter the cement sector owing to the profit margins and steady demand.