India’s economic journey over the past few years has been marked by remarkable growth and a steady rise in its position on the global stage. After overtaking the United Kingdom (UK) to become the fifth largest economy in Q1 FY23, India has continued this upward trajectory to surpass Japan in June 2025 to become the fourth largest economy in the world. With a nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Rs. 3,31,03,000 crore (US$ 3.78 trillion), India’s growth reflects a combination of strong domestic demand and policy reforms positioning the country as a key destination for global capital.
Further, India is projected to reach a GDP of Rs. 4,26,45,000 crore (US$ 5 trillion) by 2027 and is on course to surpass Germany by 2028. Rising employment and increasing private consumption, supported by rising consumer sentiment, will support GDP growth in the coming months.
India’s economy shows robust expansion, with real GDP for FY25 estimated at Rs. 1,87,97,000 crore (US$ 2.20 trillion), from Rs. 1,76,51,000 crore (US$ 2.06 trillion) in FY24 with a growth rate of 6.5%. This growth is driven by rising employment and stronger private consumption, supported by improving consumer sentiment, which is expected to keep the momentum going in the near future.
Trade remains a critical pillar of India’s growth story with exports reaching Rs. 37,31,000 crore (US$ 436.6 billion) in FY25, led by Engineering Goods (26.88%), Petroleum Products (13.86%) and Electronic Goods (8.89%). These exports helped the economy stay resilient during the pandemic when other sectors slowed. Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, Mr. Piyush Goyal projects exports to reach Rs. 85,44,000 crore (US$ 1 trillion) by 2030.
India’s ability to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has also strengthened. The country received record FDI inflows amounting to Rs. 4,21,929 crore (US$ 49.3 billion) in FY25 a 15% increase over FY24, supported
Source: World Bank
by a stable policy environment, a large domestic market and steady economic growth positioning the country as a key destination for global capital. This capital inflow also complements government plans for increased investment in infrastructure and asset-building projects to further boost economic growth.
India’s external economic position is improving. The current account deficit narrowed to Rs. 1,98,726 crore (US$ 23.30 billion), or 0.6% of GDP, in FY25 from Rs. 2,21,754 crore (US$ 26.00 billion), or 0.7% of GDP, in FY24. This improvement was due to higher net receipts from services and secondary income, according to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
India is primarily a domestic demand-driven economy, with consumption and investments contributing to 70% of the economic activity. With India’s economy showing resilient growth, supported by strong domestic demand, policy reforms, and a healthy investment pipeline, several new projects and developments are underway across key sectors. This positive development across key sectors is evident from following key economic data points.
Over the years, the Indian government has introduced many initiatives to strengthen the nation's economy. The Indian government has been effective in developing policies and programmes that are not only beneficial for citizens to improve their financial stability but also for the overall growth of the economy. Over recent decades, India's rapid economic growth has led to a substantial increase in its demand for exports. Besides this, several of the government's flagship programmes, including Make in India, Start-up India, Digital India, the Smart City Mission, and the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation, is aimed at creating immense opportunities in India. In this regard, some of the initiatives taken by the government to improve the economic condition of the country are mentioned below:
India’s economy grew by 6.5% in FY25. With a 7.4% growth rate in Q4 FY25, with RBI projecting a growth rate of 6.5% in FY26 as well. India's comparatively strong position in the external sector reflects the country's positive outlook for economic growth and rising employment rates. In 2024, India rose to 15th place globally in FDI rankings and retained its position as South Asia’s top recipient.
In H1 FY25, India’s growth-focused approach was underscored by the government’s capital expenditure outlay of Rs. 15,02,000 crore (US$ 176 billion), reinforcing its commitment to infrastructure-led development.
In the Union Budget of FY26, capital expenditure took lead by steeply increasing the capital expenditure outlay by 10% to Rs. 11,21,000 crore (US$ 131 billion) over Rs. 10,18,000 crore (US$ 119 billion) in FY25. Stronger revenue generation because of improved tax compliance, increased profitability of the company, and increasing economic activity also contributed to rising capital spending levels.
India’s total goods and service exports surged by 76% over the past decade, touching Rs. 70,36,425 crore (US$ 825 billion) in FY25, driven by strong performance in engineering goods, electronics, and pharmaceuticals. With a reduction in port congestion, supply networks are being restored.
With a proactive set of administrative actions by the government, flexible monetary policy, and a softening of global commodity prices and supply-chain bottlenecks, inflationary pressures in India look to be on the decline overall.