Introduction
India, a South Asian nation, is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country with over 1.33 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. India boasts of an immensely rich cultural heritage including numerous languages, traditions and people. The country holds its uniqueness in its diversity and hence has adapted itself to international changes with poise and comfort. While the economy has welcomed international companies to invest in it with open arms since liberalisation in 1990s, Indians have been prudent and pro-active in adopting global approach and skills. Indian villagers proudly take up farming, advanced agriculture and unique handicrafts as their profession on one hand while modern industries and professional services sectors are coming up in a big way on the other.
Thus, the country is attracting many global majors for strategic investments owing to the presence of vast range of industries, investment avenues and a supportive government. Huge population, mostly comprising the youth, is a strong driver for demand and an ample source of manpower.
Location: India lies to the north of the equator in Southern Asia
Latitude: 8° 4' to 37° 6' north
Longitude: 68° 7' to 97° 25' east
Neighbouring Countries: Pakistan and Afghanistan share political borders with India on the West while Bangladesh and Myanmar stand adjacent on the Eastern borders. The northern boundary comprises the Sinkiang province of China, Tibet, Nepal and Bhutan. Sri Lanka is another neighbouring country which is separated by a narrow channel of sea formed by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar.
Capital: New Delhi
Coastline: 7,517 km, including the mainland, the coastlines of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea.
Climate: Southern India majorly enjoys tropical climate but northern India experiences temperatures from sub-zero degrees to 50 degrees Celsius. Winters embrace northern India during December to February while springs blossom in March and April. Monsoons arrive in June and stay till September, followed by autumn in October and November.
Area: India measures 3,214 km from north to south and 2,933 km from east to west with a total area of 3,287,263 sq km.
Natural Resources: Coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, rare earth elements, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land.
Land: 2,973,190 sq km
Water: 314,070 sq km
Political Profile
Political System and Government:
The world's largest democracy implemented its Constitution in 1950 that provided for a parliamentary system of Government with a bicameral parliament and three independent branches: the executive, the legislature and the judiciary. The country has a federal structure with elected governments in States.
Administrative Divisions: 29 States and 7 Union Territories
Constitution: The Constitution of India came into force on January 26, 1950
Executive Branch: The President of India is the Head of State, while the Prime Minister is the Head of the government and runs office with the support of the Council of Ministers who forms the Cabinet.
Legislative Branch: The Federal Legislature comprises of the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) forming both the Houses of the Parliament.
Judicial Branch: The Supreme Court of India is the apex body of the Indian legal system, followed by other High Courts and subordinate Courts.
Chief of State: President, Mr Ram Nath Kovind (since July 25, 2017)
Head of Government: Prime Minister, Mr Narendra Modi (since May 26, 2014)
Demographic profile
Population: 1,326,801,000
Population Growth Rate: 1.2 per cent (2015)
Religions: Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism
Languages: Hindi, English and at least 16 other official languages
Literacy: Total population: 74.04 per cent (provisional data-2011 census)
Male: 82.14 per cent
Female: 65.46 per cent
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Life expectancy: 66.9 years (men), 69.9 years (women) (2015 – WHO 2016 Report)
Economic Profile
Indian Economy
Indian economy is expected to grow at a rate of 6.6 per cent in the year 2017-18 and in 2018-19, the economy is expected to grow at a rate of 7.5 per cent.
Gross Value Added (GVA) Composition by Sector (2017-18 2nd Advance Estimate)
Services: 54.0 per cent
Industry: 28.9 per cent
Agriculture: 17.1 per cent
Forex Reserves: US$ 421.335 billion as of March 16, 2018.
Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) at current prices: Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) at current prices is expected to be Rs 47.73 trillion (US$ 735.04 billion) in 2017-18.
Value of Exports: India's exports stood at US$ 16.34 billion in February 2018.
Export Partners: US, Germany, UAE, China, Japan, Thailand, Indonesia and European Union. India is also tapping newer markets in Africa and Latin America.
Currency (code): Indian rupee (INR)
Exchange Rates: Indian rupees per US dollar - 1 USD = 65.0441 INR (March 28, 2018)
Fiscal Year: April 01 – March 31
Cumulative FDI Equity Inflows: US$ 367.932 billion (April 2000 to December 2017)
Share of Top Investing Countries FDI Equity Inflows: Mauritius (34 per cent), Singapore (17 per cent), UK (7 per cent), Japan (7 per cent), Netherlands (6 per cent), USA (6 per cent), Germany (3 per cent), Cyprus (3 per cent), France (2 per cent), UAE (1 per cent) (as in April 2000 – December 2017)
Major Sectors Attracting Highest FDI Equity Inflows: Services Sector (17 per cent), Telecommunications (8 per cent), Computer Software and Hardware (8 per cent), Construction Development (7 per cent), Automobile (5 per cent), Trading (4 per cent), Drugs and Pharmaceuticals (4 per cent), Chemicals (4 per cent), Power (4 per cent), Construction Activities (3 per cent) (as in April 2000 – December 2017)
Transportation in India
Airports: Airports Authority of India (AAI) manages 125 airports in the country, which includes 18 international aerodromes, 78 domestic ones and 26 civil enclaves at defence airfields.
International Airports: Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Bengaluru, Chennai, Goa, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Kochi, Kolkata, Mumbai, New Delhi, Thiruvananthapuram, Port Blair, Srinagar, Jaipur, Nagpur, Calicut, Tiruchirappalli, Coimbatore
Railways: The Indian Railways network is spread over 108,706 km, with 12,617 passenger and 7,421 freight trains each day from 7,172 stations plying 23 million travellers and 3 million tonnes (MT) of freight daily.
Roadways: India’s road network of 4.87 million km is the second largest in the world. With the number of vehicles growing at an average annual pace of 10.16 per cent, Indian roads carry about 65 per cent of freight and 85 per cent of passenger traffic.
Waterways: 14,500 km
Major Ports of Entry: Chennai, Ennore, Haldia, Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT), Kolkata, Deen Dayal, Kochi, Mormugao, Mumbai, New Mangalore, Paradip, Tuticorin and Vishakhapatnam.
Exchange Rate Used: INR 1 = US$ 0.0154 as on March 28, 2018