Advantage India
Robust
Demand
*India’s finished steel consumption stood at 119.17 MT in FY23, 138.5 MT in FY24 and 111.25 MT in FY25*.
*The Indian Steel Association (ISA) anticipates that the steel requirement will reach 128.9 MT in the 2023-24 period, showing an increase from 119.9 MT in the preceding year.
*India’s domestic steel demand is estimated to grow by 9-10% in FY25 as per ICRA.
Increasing
investments
*The industry is witnessing consolidation of players, which has led to investment by entities from other sectors. The ongoing consolidation also presents an opportunity to global players to enter the Indian market.
*PLI short-listed companies are expected to invest US$ 1.2 billion (Rs. 10,000 crore) in specialty steel-making next year and nearly US$ 1.9 billion (Rs. 16,000 crore) by FY24-end.
Policy
Support
*In February 2024, The government has implemented various measures to promote self-reliance in the steel industry.
*Under the Union Budget 2023-24, the government allocated Rs. 70.15 crore (US$ 8.6 million) to the Ministry of Steel.
Competitive
Advantage
*In April-December 2024, crude steel production in India stood at 110.99 MT.
*Easy availability of low-cost manpower and presence of abundant iron ore reserves make India competitive in the global set up.
*India is home to fifth-highest reserves of iron ore in the world.
Introduction
One of the primary forces behind industrialization has been the use of metals. Steel has traditionally occupied a top spot among metals. Steel production and consumption are frequently seen as measures of a country's economic development because it is both a raw material and an intermediary product. Therefore, it would not be an exaggeration to argue that the steel sector has always been at the forefront of industrial progress and that it is the foundation of any economy. The Indian steel industry is classified into three categories - major producers, main producers, and secondary producers.
India is the world’s second-largest producer of crude steel, with an output of 125.32 MT of crude steel and finished steel production of 121.29 MT in FY23.
India’s domestic steel demand is estimated to grow by 9-10% in FY25 as per ICRA.
India’s steel production is estimated to grow 4-7% to 123-127 MT in FY24.
The growth in the Indian steel sector has been driven by the domestic availability of raw materials such as iron ore and cost-effective labour.
Consequently, the steel sector has been a major contributor to India's manufacturing output.
The Indian steel industry is modern, with state-of-the-art steel mills. It has always strived for continuous modernisation of older plants and up-gradation to higher energy efficiency levels.
According to a Deloitte report the demand for steel in India is projected to grow significantly over the next decade, with annual growth rates expected to range from 5% to 7.3%.
Market Size
In the past 10–12 years, India's steel sector has expanded significantly. Production has increased by 75% since 2008, while domestic steel demand has increased by almost 80%. The capacity for producing steel has grown concurrently, and the rise has been largely organic.
In April-December 2024, crude steel production in India stood at 110.99 MT.
In April-December 2024, finished steel production stood at 106.86 MT.
In FY25 (April-December), the consumption of finished steel stood at 111.25 MT.
In April-December 2024 exports of finished steel stood at 3.60 metric tonnes (MT), while imports stood at 7.28 MT.
In FY23, the production of crude steel and finished steel stood at 125.32 MT and 121.29 MT, respectively.
In FY24, the production of crude steel and finished steel stood at 143.6 MT and 138.5 MT, respectively.
In FY23, crude and finished steel production stood at 125.32 MT and 121.29 MT, respectively. In July 2023, crude steel production in India stood at 11.52 MT.
In FY24, the consumption of finished steel stood at 135.90 MT. The per-capita consumption of steel stood at 86.7 kgs in FY23.
In FY22, the production of crude steel and finished steel stood at 133.596 MT and 120.01 MT, respectively. The consumption of finished steel stood at 105.751 MT in FY22. In FY23, the consumption of finished steel stood at 119.17 MT. In April-July 2022, the production of crude steel and finished steel stood at 40.95 MT and 38.55 MT, respectively.
In FY23, exports and imports of finished steel stood at 6.7 MT and 6.02 MT, respectively. In FY22, India exported 11.14 MT of finished steel. In April 2024 exports of finished steel stood at 5.1 lakh metric tonnes (LMT), while imports stood at 5.9 LMT.In FY24, the exports and imports of finished steel stood at 7.49 MT and 8.32 MT, respectively.
The annual production of steel is anticipated to exceed 300 million tonnes by 2030-31. By 2030-31, crude steel production is projected to reach 255 million tonnes at 85% capacity utilisation achieving 230 million tonnes of finished steel production, assuming a 10% yield loss or a 90% conversion ratio for the conversion of raw steel to finished steel. With net exports of 24 million tonnes, consumption is expected to reach 206 million tonnes by the years 2030–1931. As a result, it is anticipated that per-person steel consumption will grow to 160 kg.
Investments
- The steel industry and its associated mining and metallurgy sectors have seen major investments and developments in the recent past.
- According to the data released by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), between April 2000-September 2024, Indian metallurgical industries attracted FDI inflows of Rs. 1,10,062 crore (US$ 18.06 billion).
- In FY22, demand for steel was expected to increase by 17% to 110 million tonnes, driven by rising construction activities.
Some of the major investments in the Indian steel industry are as follows:
- India and Japan held the third Steel Dialogue on Feb 4, 2025, in New Delhi, discussing economic trends, steel trade, and industry developments. India highlighted policy initiatives, green steel efforts, and investment opportunities for Japan.
- In February 2025, during the Bengal Global Business Summit, about 50% of the Rs. 26,000 crore (US$ 3.02 billion) investment proposals received by Jharkhand government in Kolkata pertain to the steel sector.
- In February 2025, JSW Group announced a Rs. 1,00,000 crore (US$ 11.60 billion) investment to set up a 25 MT steel plant in Maharashtra's Gadchiroli district over seven to eight years. The project, expected to be the world's largest and most eco-friendly, will drive economic growth and job creation in Vidarbha.
- In February 2024, The JSW Group is set to build a steel plant in Jagatsinghpur, Odisha, with an investment of US$ 7.8 billion (Rs. 65,000 crore). The plant will have a production capacity of 13.2 million tons of steel per year and is expected to create 30,000 jobs.
- In February 2024, JSW Steel plans to establish a joint venture with Japan's JFE Steel Corporation in a 50:50 partnership to invest US$ 661.9 million (Rs. 5,500 crore) in setting up a plant in Karnataka.
- In January 2024, according to Mr. Lakshmi Mittal, Gujarat will host the world's largest steel manufacturing site by 2029 at the Vibrant Gujarat Summit.
- In November 2023, Steel Secretary Mr. Nagendra Nath Sinha said that India’s steel capacity has crossed 161 million tonnes (MT), and the industry is poised for continuous growth.
- In October 2023, Government e-Marketplace, the national public procurement platform, signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the Indian Steel Association (ISA). This partnership intends to bring all ISA members onto the GeM platform as sellers, promoting a diverse business environment regardless of their size.
- In July 2023, Union Minister Mr. Jyotiraditya Scindia announced that Japan is eager to invest ¥ 5 trillion (US$ 36 billion), in various sectors in India, including steel.
- As announced in May 2023, INOX Air Products will invest Rs. 1,300 crore (US$ 157.5 million) to set up two air separation units having a capacity of 1,800 tonnes a day each at Tata Steel's plant in Dhenkanal, Odisha.
- In May 2023, the industry body Indian Steel Association (ISA) announced signing an agreement with the ASEAN Iron and Steel Council (AISC) to unlock new avenues of growth and sustainability in the steel sector.
- Mr. Jyotiraditya M. Scindia, the Union Minister of Steel, and Mr. Nishimura Yasutoshi, the Minister of Economy, Trade, and Industry of Japan, held a bilateral meeting on July 20, 2023, in New Delhi to discuss collaboration in the steel sector and issues relating to decarbonisation.
- AMNS India is planning to spend US$ 7.4 billion on expanding capacity and increasing its value-added investments in both its upstream and downstream capacities and enhancing its iron ore capabilities.
- In May 2023, JSW Steel and JFE Steel, signed an agreement to set up a JV company to manufacture the entire range of cold rolled grain-oriented electrical steel (CRGO) products at Vijaynagar in Karnataka.
- In April 2023, AMNS India, a joint venture between ArcelorMittal and Nippon Steel, received approval from India’s regulatory body (NCLT) to acquire Indian Steel Corporation.
- Tata Steel in April 2023 informed that it has signed an agreement with A&B Global Mining to harness new business development opportunities and deliver mine technical services. The steel major will closely work with ABGM India which will interface with their South African entity to explore business opportunities in India and abroad besides utilising each other's technical and strategic strengths to deliver projects across the mining and metals, including the steel value chain.
- 67 applications from 30 companies have been selected under the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for Specialty Steel. This will attract committed investment of Rs. 42,500 crore (US$ 5.19 billion) with a downstream capacity addition of 26 million tonnes and employment generation potential of 70,000.
- In September 2022, Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), a Maharatna PSU, supplied 30,000 tonnes of the entire DMR grade specialty steel for the nation’s first indigenously built Aircraft Carrier INS Vikrant.
- In August 2022, Tata Steel signed an MoU with Punjab Government to set up a steel scrap based electric arc furnace steel plant.
- In May 2022, Tata Steel announced a CAPEX of Rs. 12,000 crore (US$ 1.50 billion).
Government Initiatives
Some of the other recent Government initiatives in this sector are as follows:
- The Union Ministry of Steel launched PLI Scheme 1.1 on January 6, 2025, with a Rs. 6,322 crore (US$ 733.40 million) outlay to boost specialty steel production and attract investments. Covering five key product categories, the scheme eases norms to reduce imports, enhance domestic manufacturing, and improve energy efficiency, with applications open until January 2025.
- In February 2024, the government has implemented various measures to promote self-reliance in the steel industry.
- In October 2021, the government announced guidelines for the approved specialty steel production-linked incentive (PLI) scheme.
- In October 2021, India and Russia signed an MoU to carry out R&D in the steel sector and produce coking coal (used in steel making).
- In July 2021, the Union Cabinet approved the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for specialty steel. The scheme is expected to attract investment worth ~Rs. 400 billion (US$ 5.37 billion) and expand specialty steel capacity by 25 million tonnes (MT), to 42 MT in FY27, from 18 MT in FY21.
- In June 2021, Minister of Steel & Petroleum & Natural Gas, Mr. Dharmendra Pradhan addressed the webinar on 'Making Eastern India a manufacturing hub with respect to metallurgical industries', organised by the Indian Institute of Metals. In 2020, 'Mission Purvodaya' was launched to accelerate the development of the eastern states of India (Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, and the northern part of Andhra Pradesh) through the establishment of an integrated steel hub in Kolkata, West Bengal. Eastern India has the potential to add >75% of the country's incremental steel capacity. It is expected that of the 300 MT capacity by 2030-31, >200 MT can come from this region alone.
- In June 2021, JSW Steel, CSIR-National Chemical Lab (NCL), Scottish Development International (SDI) and India H2 Alliance (IH2A) joined forces to commercialise hydrogen in the steel and cement sectors.
- Under the Union Budget 2023-24, the government allocated Rs. 70.15 crore (US$ 8.6 million) to the Ministry of Steel.
- In addition, an investment of Rs. 75,000 crore (US$ 9.15 billion) (including Rs. 15,000 crore (US$ 1.83 billion) from private sources) has been allocated for 100 critical transport infrastructure projects for last and first mile connectivity for various sectors such as ports, coal, and steel.
- In January 2021, the Ministry of Steel, Government of India, signed a Memorandum of Cooperation (MoC) with the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Government of Japan, to boost the steel sector through joint activities under the framework of India–Japan Steel Dialogue.
- The Union Cabinet, Government of India approved the National Steel Policy (NSP) 2017, as it intends to create a globally competitive steel industry in India. NSP 2017 envisage 300 million tonnes (MT) steel-making capacity and 160 kgs per capita steel consumption by 2030-31.
- The Ministry of Steel is facilitating the setting up of an industry driven Steel Research and Technology Mission of India (SRTMI) in association with the public and private sector steel companies to spearhead research and development activities in the iron and steel industry at an initial corpus of Rs. 200 crore (US$ 30 million).
- The Government of India raised import duty on most steel items twice, each time by 2.5% and imposed measures including anti-dumping and safeguard duties on iron and steel items.
Road Ahead
The steel industry has emerged as a major focus area given the dependence of a diverse range of sectors on its output as India works to become a manufacturing powerhouse through policy initiatives like Make in India. With the industry accounting for about 2% of the nation's GDP, India ranks as the world's second-largest producer of steel and is poised to overtake China as the world's second-largest consumer of steel. Both the industry and the nation's export manufacturing capacity have the potential to help India regain its favourable steel trade balance.
The National Steel Policy, 2017 envisage 300 million tonnes of production capacity by 2030-31. The per capita consumption of steel has increased from 57.6 kgs to 74.1 kgs during the last five years. The government has a fixed objective of increasing rural consumption of steel from the current 19.6 kg/per capita to 38 kg/per capita by 2030-31.
Huge scope for growth is offered by India's comparatively low per capita steel consumption and the expected rise in consumption due to increased infrastructure construction and the thriving automobile and railways sectors.
References: Media reports, press releases, Press Information Bureau (PIB), Joint Plant Committee (JPC), Union Budget 2021-22, Union Budget 2023-24
Note: Conversion rate used in January 2025, Rs. 1 = US$ 0.012
Note: P- Provisional, Except low grade (below 58%)
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