Advantage India
Growing
Demand
* India is the third-largest producer and second-largest consumer of electricity worldwide, with an installed power capacity of 401.01 GW as of April 30, 2022.
* Growing population along with increasing electrification and per-capita usage will provide further impetus. Power consumption is estimated to reach 1,894.7 TWh in 2022.
Attractive
Opportunities
* Under the Union Budget 2022-23, the government announced the issuance of sovereign green bonds, as well as conferring infrastructure status to energy storage systems, including grid-scale battery systems.
* In the same budget, Rs. 19,500 crore (US$ 2.57 billion) was allocated for a PLI scheme to boost manufacturing of high-efficiency solar modules.
Policy
Support
* 100% FDI allowed in the power sector has boosted FDI inflow in this sector.
* Schemes such as Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) and Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS) are expected to augment electrification across the country.
Higher
investments
* As per the National Infrastructure Pipeline 2019-25, energy sector projects accounted for the highest share (24%) out of the total expected capital expenditure of Rs. 111 lakh crore (US$ 1.4 trillion).
* Total FDI inflow in the power sector reached US$ 15.89 billion between April 2000-March 2022.
Introduction
Power is among the most critical components of infrastructure, crucial for the economic growth and welfare of nations. The existence and development of adequate power infrastructure is essential for sustained growth of the Indian economy.
India’s power sector is one of the most diversified in the world. Sources of power generation range from conventional sources such as coal, lignite, natural gas, oil, hydro and nuclear power, to viable non-conventional sources such as wind, solar, agricultural and domestic waste. Electricity demand in the country has increased rapidly and is expected to rise further in the years to come. In order to meet the increasing demand for electricity in the country, massive addition to the installed generating capacity is required.
India was ranked fourth in wind power, fifth in solar power and fourth in renewable power installed capacity, as of 2020. India is the only country among the G20 nations that is on track to achieve the targets under the Paris Agreement.
Market Size
India is the third-largest producer and second-largest consumer of electricity worldwide, with an installed power capacity of 401.01 GW as of April 30, 2022.
As of April 2022, India’s installed renewable energy capacity stood at 158.12 GW, representing 39.43% of the overall installed power capacity. Solar energy is estimated to contribute 55.34 GW, followed by 40.53 GW from wind power, 10.68 GW from biomass, 4.85 GW from small hydropower, and 46.72 GW from hydropower. The renewable energy capacity addition stood at 8.2 GW for the first eight months of FY22 against 3.4 GW for the first eight months of FY21.
With electricity generation (including renewable sources) of 1,490.27 BU in India in FY22, the country witnessed an increase of 7.85% over the previous fiscal year.
The peak power demand in the country stood at 210.79 GW on June 9, 2022.
Developments/Investments
Total FDI inflow in the power sector reached US$ 15.89 billion between April 2000-March 2022, accounting for 2.77% of the total FDI inflow in India.
Some major investments and developments in the Indian power sector are as follows:
- In June 2022, SJVN announced a collaboration with the Assam government for the development of hydro and renewable energy projects in the state.
- In June 2022, SJVN signed investment agreements worth Rs. 80,000 crore (US$ 10.24 billion) with the Uttar Pradesh government for implementing three solar power projects in the state.
- In May 2022, SJVN signed a pact with Tata Power Solar Systems to build a 1,000 MW solar project worth Rs. 5,500 crore (US$ 704.38 million) in Bikaner, Rajasthan.
- In June 2022, NTPC declared commercial operation of second part capacity of 15 MW out of 56 MW Kawas Solar PV project in Gujarat.
- In June 2022, NHPC signed an engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contract with Adani Infra Limited to develop a 600 MW solar project under the Central Public Sector Undertaking program (Phase-II).
- All India actual PLF of thermal power plants stood at 72.45% in April 2022, compared with 67.98% in March 2022.
- Investment in India’s renewable energy sector grew more than 125% YoY to touch a record US$ 14.5 billion in FY22.
- In March 2022, NTPC announced that it was ready to start partial power generation of 10 GW from a 92 MW floating solar energy plant being set up at NTPC's unit at Kayamkulam in Kerala.
- In March 2022, NTPC announced that it will start commercial operations of 74.88 MW capacity of its 296 MW Fatehgarh solar project in Rajasthan.
- In March 2022, Adani Solar and Smart Power India (SPI), a subsidiary of Rockefeller Foundation, signed a non-financial and non-commercial MoU promote the usage of solar rooftop panels in rural India.
- In February 2022, Kolkata-based Eminent Electricity Distribution Ltd., a subsidiary of CESC Limited, bid Rs. 871 crore (US$ 113.24 million) to take over Chandigarh’s power supply department, which was approved and the transition will happen by the end of March.
- SJVN Limited is looking to develop 10,000 MW solar power projects inviting investment of Rs. 50,000 crore (US$ 6.56 billion) in the next five years in Rajasthan.
- In November 2021, NTPC announced that its 80 MW solar power-generation capacity in Jetsar (Rajasthan) has started commercial operations from October 22, 2021. The total capacity of the project is 160 MW.
- In November 2021, SJVN began the second unit work of the 1,320 MW Buxar thermal power plant in Bihar.
- In October 2021, NTPC was awarded a contract to set up a 325MW solar power project in Madhya Pradesh.
- On September 29, 2021, NTPC Renewable Energy ltd (REL), a 100% subsidiary of NTPC ltd, signed its first green term loan agreement with the Bank of India for Rs. 500 crore (US$ 67.28 million) at a competitive rate and a tenor of 15 years for its 470 MW solar projects in Rajasthan and 200 MW solar projects in Gujarat.
- In September 2021, Adani Group announced an investment of US$ 20 billion over the next 10 years in renewable energy generation and component manufacturing.
Government Initiatives
The Government of India has identified power sector as a key sector of focus to promote sustained industrial growth. Some initiatives by the Government to boost the Indian power sector are as below:
- Under the Union Budget 2022-23, the government announced the issuance of sovereign green bonds, as well as conferring infrastructure status to energy storage systems, including grid-scale battery systems.
- In the Union Budget 2022-23, the government allocated Rs. 19,500 crore (US$ 2.57 billion) for a PLI scheme to boost manufacturing of high-efficiency solar modules.
- Electrification in the country is increasing with support from schemes like Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY), Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY), and Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS).
- In order to meet India’s 500 GW renewable energy target and tackle the annual issue of coal demand supply mismatch, the Ministry of Power has identified 81 thermal units which will replace coal with renewable energy generation by 2026.
- In February 2022, a parliamentary standing committee recommended the government to take steps to increase the loan limit for renewable energy sector under priority sector lending. The current limit stands at Rs. 30 crore (U$ 3.93 million).
- In December 2021, West Bengal got a loan approval for US$ 135 million from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (also called the World Bank) to improve the operational efficiency and reliability of electricity supply in select regions in the state.
- In November 2021, the government announced future plans to increase the funding under the PLI scheme for domestic solar cells and module manufacturing to RS. 24,000 crore (US$ 3.17 billion) from the existing Rs. 4,500 crore (US$ 594.68 million) to make India an exporting nation.
- In November 2021, Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) stated that it will partner with private sector energy service companies to scale up its Building Energy Efficiency Programme (BEEP).
- In September 2021, the Government of the United Kingdom announced that it will invest US$ 1.2 billion through public and private investments in green projects and renewable energy in India to support the latter’s target of 450 GW of renewable energy by 2030.
Achievements
Following are the achievements of the Government in the past few years:
- The Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana, “Saubhagya”, was launched by the Government of India with an aim of achieving universal household electrification. As of March 2021, 2.82 crore households have been electrified under this scheme.
- As of June 15, 2022, over 36.86 crore LED bulbs, 72.18 lakh LED tube lights and 23.59 lakh energy-efficient fans have been distributed across the country, saving around 48,411 million kWh per year and Rs. 19,332 crore (US$ 2.47 billion) in cost savings.
- As of June 15, 2022, over 44 lakh smart metres have been deployed under the National Smart Grid Mission (NSGM), with a further 67 lakh to be deployed.
- As per the National Infrastructure Pipeline 2019-25, energy sector projects accounted for the highest share (24%) out of the total expected capital expenditure of Rs. 111 lakh crore (US$ 1.4 trillion).
- According to the S&P Global Platts Top 250 Global Energy Rankings 2021, Reliance Industries Ltd. and Indian Oil Corp. Ltd. ranked 3rd and 6th, respectively.
- The Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Electricity Station of Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam (SJVN) has set a new monthly power generation record, increasing from 1,213.10 million units to 1,216.56 million units on July 31, 2021.
- According to the Union Budget 2021-22, 139 GW of installed capacity and 1.41 lakh circuit km of transmission lines were added and 2.8 crore households were connected in the past 6 years.
- Solar tariffs in India have reduced from Rs. 7.36/kWh (US 10 cents/kWh) in FY15 to Rs. 2.45/kWh (US 3.2 cents/kWh) in July 2021.
- India’s rank jumped to 22 in 2019 from 137 in 2014 on World Bank’s Ease of doing business - "Getting Electricity" ranking.
- The Union Power Ministry said the peak power demand deficit stood at 0.4% in 2020-21, compared to 16.6% in 2007-08 and 10.6% in 2011-12.
Road Ahead
In the current decade (2020-2029), the Indian electricity sector is likely to witness a major transformation with respect to demand growth, energy mix and market operations.
The Government of India is preparing a 'rent a roof' policy for supporting its target of generating 40 gigawatts (GW) of power through solar rooftop projects by 2022. It also plans to set up 21 new nuclear power reactors with a total installed capacity of 15,700 MW by 2031.
The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) estimates India’s power requirement to grow to reach 817 GW by 2030. The government plans to establish renewable energy capacity of 500 GW by 2030.
References: References: Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Media Reports, Press Releases, Press Information Bureau (PIB)
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