The real GDP growth rate for FY25 is projected at 7.2% compared to the estimated growth rate of 8.2% in FY24. For the second quarter of 2024-25, growth is estimated at 7.0% and is expected to reach 7.4% in the third quarter of 2024-25. These figures highlight the Indian economy's resilience, driven by strong domestic demand, despite rising global uncertainties that are affecting global economies.
The nation has shifted to a modern economy, demonstrating increased global integration, and exporting a fifth of its output, a significant rise from one-sixteenth at independence. The demographic transition, marked by a lower infant mortality rate and a consistent growth in literacy rates, further enhances India's advantageous position. With improved income distribution, heightened employment rates, and globally competitive social amenity provisions, there is potential for India's per capita GDP to expand in the next 25 years, mirroring the growth seen in the preceding 75 years.
In the fiscal year 2024-25 (Union Budget Estimate), there has been a 11.1% increase in the allocation for capital expenditure, rising from Rs. 10 lakh crore (US$ 120.6 billion) in the previous year (2023-24) to Rs. 11.11 lakh crore (US$ 134 billion). The strong growth of the Indian economy in the first half of FY24 has surpassed that of major economies, contributing to the reinforcement of macroeconomic stability.
Recently, in 2024-25, the following key indicators highlighted improved performances:
India's economy outpaced other economies during the first half of FY24, propelled by robust demand and increased investment. As of October 2024, the annual retail price inflation in India rose to 6.21%, an increase from the previous month 5.49%, beyond the tolerance band set by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The real investment rate during Q2 of FY23, prevailing at a high level of 34.6%, demonstrates the Government's continued commitment towards asset creation.
An overall rise in Rabi coverage with adequately filled irrigation reservoirs played a pivotal role in the agricultural output growth in 2022-23. An increase in minimum support prices for both Kharif and Rabi crops in 2022-23 and progress in rice procurement have already been supplementing rural incomes in the country. Higher incomes have further resulted in an increase in sales of passenger vehicles, two and three-wheelers, and tractors by a good year-on-year margin in January. The increase in GST collection, the strong generation of e-way bills, and the growth in e-toll collection serve as reaffirmations of the resilience within economic activity.
In addition, steady growth momentum in service activity continues with healthy PMI levels during October to January, attributing to the growth in output and accommodating demand conditions, leading to a sustained upturn in sales. The growth impetus in rail freight and port traffic remains upbeat, with further improvement in the domestic aviation sector. Strong growth in fuel demand, domestic vehicle sales, and high UPI transactions also reflect healthy demand conditions.
Capital expenditure by the Government during April-August FY25 amounted to Rs. 3 lakh crore (US$ 35.97 billion).
The Union Budget 2024–25 focused on employment, skilling, MSMEs, and the middle class. Prime Minister’s package of 5 schemes and initiatives to facilitate employment, skilling and other opportunities for 4.1 crore youth over a 5-year period with a central outlay of Rs. 2 lakh crore (US$ 23.94 billion). Provision of Rs. 1.48 lakh crore (US$ 17.72 billion) for education, employment and skilling. In pursuit of ‘Viksit Bharat’ and the strategy set out in the interim budget, the Union Budget includes the following 9 priorities for generating ample opportunities for all: (i) Productivity and Resilience in Agriculture, (ii) Employment & Skilling, (iii) Inclusive Human Resource Development and Social Justice, (iv) Manufacturing & Services, (v) Urban Development, (vi) Energy Security, (vii) Infrastructure, (viii) Innovation, Research & Development, (ix) Next-generation Reforms.
Strengthening the banking and financial sector is evident, given the stability in foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, a resurgence in Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) inflows, and ample foreign exchange reserves providing a robust import cover of 9 months. The external front remains resilient, contributing to the commendable performance of the INR compared to other Emerging Market Economies (EMEs).
India's services exports demonstrated robust performance during April-July period of FY25 with an estimated value of services export amounting to US$ 117.35 billion, registering ~9.88% growth compared to the same period of previous fiscal year. This growth is predominantly fuelled by the software and business services sector. With a projected 8% increase in global IT spending for 2024, India's services exports outlook remains favourable. The narrowing merchandise trade deficit and the upward trajectory of net services receipts are anticipated to contribute to an enhancement in India's current account deficit.
As we move ahead in 2024, the global economic landscape is anticipated to introduce further complexities, necessitating sustained vigilance to uphold India's external resilience. It is important for India to address medium-term challenges, including securing technology and resources for energy transition and skill development for the 21st-century economy. Concurrently, maintaining fiscal consolidation at the general government level is crucial.
The Indian economy shows promising signs with the RBI forecasting a 7.2% real GDP growth for FY25, supported by the prospects of robust rabi harvesting, manufacturing profitability, and resilient services. While risks such as geopolitical tensions and supply chain disruptions persist, lower input prices and moderated food inflation are expected to positively impact output growth and export prospects. With efforts to enhance export competitiveness and stable inflation rates, the outlook for India's economic growth remains favourable.
The collective efforts invested over the past several years have laid a robust foundation, providing a sturdy platform upon which the framework of a middle-income economy can be built.