Introduction
Jharkhand is located in the eastern part of India. The state shares its borders with West Bengal in the east, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh in the west, Bihar in the north and Odisha in the south. In India, Jharkhand is one of the leading states in terms of economic growth. At current prices, Jharkhand’s gross state domestic product (GSDP) is estimated to stand at ~Rs. 3.81 trillion (US$ 46.49 billion) in 2022-23.
Jharkhand is one of the richest mineral zones in the world and boasts of 40% and 29% of India's mineral and coal reserves, respectively. Due to its large mineral reserves, mining and mineral extraction are the major industries in the state. Mineral production (excluding fuel minerals, atomic minerals and minor minerals) in the state stood at Rs. 10,172.47 crore (US$ 1.38 billion) in FY21 (until January 2021).
Jharkhand is rich in mineral resources such as coal (27.3% of India’s reserves), iron ore (26% of India’s reserves), copper ore (18.5% of India’s reserves), uranium, mica, bauxite, granite, limestone, silver, graphite, magnetite, and dolomite. Jharkhand is the only state in India to produce coking coal, uranium, and pyrite. With 25.7% of the total iron ore (hematite) reserves, Jharkhand ranks second among the states.
The state’s industries enjoy a unique location-specific advantage as it is close to the vast market of eastern India. It is closer to the ports of Kolkata, Haldia, and Paradip which helps in transportation of minerals.
According to the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), cumulative foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in Jharkhand stood at US$ 6 million in FY23 and were US$ 2.65 billion between October 2019-March 2023.
As of January 2023, the number of IEMs filed were 2 and the value of proposed investments stood at Rs. 412 crore (US$ 50.3 million).
Total exports from the state stood at US$ 1.36 billion in 2022-23. Exports from the state stood at US$ 2.44 billion in 2021-22.
Jharkhand offers a wide range of fiscal and policy incentives to industries, under the Industrial Policy, 2012. The state also has policies for IT and special economic zones (SEZs) offering sector-specific incentives, as well as the Jharkhand Energy Policy 2012 which aims to supply reliable and quality power in an efficient manner at a reasonable price.
About 80% of the rural population of the state depends on agriculture. Rice is the major food crop of the state, covering 80% of the cropped area.
Recent Developments
- In four years (2018-19 and 2021-22), Jharkhand has attracted new investment proposals of over Rs. 1.10 lakh crore (US$ 13 billion), completed projects of Rs. 52,893 crore (US$ 6.45 billion), and revived pending proposals worth Rs. 287.45 crore (US$ 35.1 million), according to the study jointly conducted by the MSME Export Promotion Council and the Confederation of Organic Food Producers & Marketing Agencies (COII).
- Union Minister of Roads Transport and Highways, Mr. Nitin Gadkari, in March 2023, promised to bolster infrastructure in Jharkhand and asserted that Rs. 2 lakh crore (US$ 24 billion) highway network will be rolled out in the state by 2024.
- Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi inaugurated the Deoghar airport in July 2022, which has been constructed at an estimated cost of Rs. 400 crore (US$ 48.8 million). The Terminal Building of the airport is equipped to handle over five lakh passengers annually.
- The Jharkhand government unveiled an ambitious new solar policy (Jharkhand Solar Policy, 2022) aiming at increasing clean energy capacity up to 4,000 megawatts in the next five years.
- As compared to 2019-20, there has been an addition of one Jharkhand State Open University (JSOU), one State Public University, and two State Private Universities in the state.
- As per the State Budget 2023-24, the government has allocated Rs. 5,831 crore (US$ 711.4 million) for the agriculture and allied activities sector.
- The state cabinet on September 29, 2022 approved the draft of the Jharkhand Industrial Parks and Logistics Policy, 2022. Effective for the next five years, the policy is aimed at boosting the industrial infrastructure in Jharkhand by wooing private players to set up industrial parks by providing financial subsidies up to Rs. 75 crore (US$ 9.2 million).
- In August 2021, Tata Steel, India's largest steelmaker, announced to invest Rs. 3,000 crore (US$ 410 million) in Jharkhand over the next three years to expand capacity.
- In August 2021, SAIL, the state-owned steel company, announced to invest Rs. 4,000 crore (US$ 546 million) in Jharkhand over the next three years to expand capacity at its Gua mines and build a 4-million-tonne (MT) pallet facility.
- As of August 2021, the Jharkhand government decided to equip all government hospitals, including community health centres (CHCs) and primary healthcare centres (PHCs), with rooftop solar plants.
- In July 2021, Jharkhand Chief Minister Mr. Hemant Soren launched urban development projects totaling Rs. 84 crores (US$ 11.51 million) for Ranchi.
- The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved a loan of ~Rs. 831 crore (US$ 112 million) to develop water delivery facilities in Jharkhand.
- In August 2021, Chief Minister of Jharkhand Mr. Hemant Soren announced to unveil an industrial policy on Friday that intends to attract investments up to Rs. 1 lakh cores (US$ 1.3 trillion), as the government plans to build the state as a centre for electronics system design and production.
- Under the Union Budget 2021-22, Rs. 4,018 crore (US$ 551.09 million) has been allocated towards roads and bridges projects in the state.
- In April 2021, the government has approved 14 highway projects worth Rs. 670 crore (US$ 91.89 million) in the state.
- In April 2021, the Minister of Commerce & Industry and Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, Mr. Piyush Goyal dedicated Hansdiha-Godda new rail line in Jharkhand. The project has attracted an investment of Rs. 550 crore (US$ 75.44 million) so far.
- In March 2021, the state government announced the launch of SAAMAR (Strategic Action for Alleviation of Malnutrition and Anemia Reduction) campaign to tackle malnutrition in the state. The campaign aims to identify anemic women and malnourished children and refer them to malnutrition treatment centres.
- In February 2021, Jharkhand Education Project Council (JPEC) announced the launch of the STEM Education scheme aimed at developing critical thinking, problem solving and innovation skills. The first phase of the scheme was launched with 27 government schools, which have been selected to set up STEM labs and transform the education curriculum.
- In November 2020, Adani Enterprises made a final offer of 20.75% revenue sharing for the Gondulpara coal mine, which has geological reserves of 176.33 million tonnes.
- In September 2019, second Multi Modal Terminal built at Sahibganj in Jharkhand was inaugurated, which was constructed on the river Ganga under Jal Marg Vikas Project (JMVP).
- Under the State Budget 2019-20, Government launched two new scholarships programmes Mukhyamantri Medha Chatravitti Yojana (MMCY) and Mukhyamantri Vidyalakshmi Uncha Shiksha Protsahan (MVUSP) in which student who will be selected at state level, district level and on block level through competitive examination, would be given a scholarship of Rs. 12000, Rs. 6000 and Rs. 300 (US$ 171, US$ 85, US$ 4.29).
- In February 2019, three medical colleges in the Jharkhand were inaugurated and foundation stone for the Women's Engineering College in Ramgarh district was laid.
- As of December 2019, the number of IEMs filed were 25 and the amount of investments proposed were Rs. 1,159 crore (US$ 165.83 million).
Key Sectors
- In August 2021, Dalmia Cement secured an agreement to invest Rs. 500 crore (US$ 68.38 million) in Jharkhand.
- To commemorate World Tribal Day, Jharkhand Chief Minister Mr. Hemant Soren said that the state government would provide farming machinery, equipment and other items worth Rs. 734 crore (US$ 100 million) to 2 lakh farmers in August 2021.
- The state's raw silk production stood at 2,402 MT in FY20, 2184 MT in FY21 and 1,046 in FY22.
- The natural resources, policy incentives and location-specific advantages of Jharkhand support investments in sectors such as mining and metal extraction, engineering, iron and steel, and chemicals.
- As Jharkhand has around 40% of the country’s mineral wealth, its extensive mineral resources make mining, metals, and related sectors especially lucrative for investments.
- The major growth drivers of the engineering industry in Jharkhand are availability of raw material (iron and steel, aluminium, copper and other metals and non-metals), power, water, and industrial labour.
- In 2019-20, the total production of horticulture crops in the state was expected to be 4,740.13 thousand metric tonnes and area under production was 418.87 thousand hectares.
- In 2021-22, the total production of vegetables and fruits was at 3,818.21 thousand metric tonnes and 1,312.18 thousand metric tonnes, respectively.
- As per Economic Survey of Jharkhand 2022-23, the total cultivated area under kharif crops stands at 2,536.28 thousand hectares in 2021-22, of which paddy occupies ~69.5% of the total area.
- As per Economic Survey of Jharkhand 2020-21, the total cultivated area under kharif crops stands at 1,938 thousand hectares, of which paddy occupies ~84.7% of the total area.
Note: ^ - As per 3rd Advance Estimates, P - Provisional
FACTFILE
Capital
RanchiGeographical Area (sq km)
79,714State Language
Hindi, Santhali, Urdu, Bengali and EnglishLiteracy Rate
66.4 per centKey Industries:
Mining and mineral extraction
Iron and steel
Engineering
Chemicals
Handloom
Food and beverages
Automotive
Cement
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