The National Master Plan for Multi-modal Connectivity in India, or Gati Shakti, was introduced by Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi on October 13, 2021. The scheme was launched to build world-class infrastructure in India in an integrated manner. It is a platform to bring 16 different ministries together to coordinate and implement infrastructure connectivity projects. The seamless connectivity for logistics and services between modes of transportation is made possible by multi-modal connectivity. It will enable the last-mile connectivity of transportation and shorten travel time for people.
This plan aims to increase the number of primary areas such as roads, railways, airports, ports, waterways, and logistics infrastructure. One major step is the creation of a one-stop national single-window system, where people interested in developing infrastructure can file proposals online and track their progress. This also means plans like Bharatmala, Sagarmala, inland waterways, dry/land ports and UDAN are now operated on one digital platform. Moreover, the scheme plans to strengthen economic zones such as agri-zones, electronic parks, defence corridors, textile and pharmaceutical clusters, industrial corridors, and fishing clusters. The objective of Gati Shakti is to enhance connectivity and make Indian businesses more competitive in nature.
PM Gati Shakti is a revolutionary strategy for sustainable development and economic growth. Seven engines power the approach:
The development will display in accordance with all seven engines. The supportive functions for energy transmission, information and communications technology, bulk water and sewerage, and social infrastructure cooperate to power these engines. The strategy is driven by Sabka Prayas and Clean Energy, which are the joint efforts of the federal government, state governments and private sector. These initiatives will create significant job and business opportunities for everyone, particularly for the younger generation.
The seven engines for seamless multi-modal connectivity, efficient logistics and economic transformation will all be included in the scope of the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan. The plan will include infrastructure developed by state governments in compliance with the Gati Shakti Master Plan. The primary focus areas will be planning, financing—including through innovative means and use of technology—and quicker implementation.
According to the PM Gati Shakti framework, the seven engines' ‘National Infrastructure Pipeline’ projects will be implemented. The Master Plan's foundation will be excellent modern infrastructure and logistics coordination between various means of transportation for people and goods as well as project locations. Productivity will increase as a result, and economic development and growth will accelerate.
Feedback has been received from a number of ministries. For example, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways uses PM Gati Shakti for ground surveys, land records and highway alignments, which saves time and money during project planning. The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas uses the plan's electronic Detail Route Survey (eDRS) to generate reports more swiftly. The Ministry of Railways has completed the Final Location Survey (FLS) in FY22 much more quickly than in FY21.
Additionally, Morgan Stanley in its latest report appreciated the progress made by the PM Gati Shakti Yojna. It stated that the scheme has given a new fillip to the infrastructure development and multi-modal connectivity. The report cites World Bank's Logistics Index Report, 2023, it says the average Container Dwell Time in India was three days compared to four days for countries like the UAE and South Africa, seven days for the USA, and 10 days for Germany. In addition, Indian Ports "turnaround time" has reached 0.9 days, which is better than the USA (1.5 days), Australia (1.7 days), Singapore (1.0 days), etc. In FY24, ports overall cargo growth was 7%, with 53% of cargo handled by major ports (government-owned).
The announcement in the Interim Budget for 2024-25 regarding the implementation of three economic railway corridors identified under PM Gati Shakti for enabling multi-modal connectivity—i) energy, mineral and cement corridors; (ii) port connectivity corridors; and (iii) high traffic density corridors—represents a notable step towards improving logistics efficiency and lowering costs associated with rail movement. It will reduce the logistical carbon footprint, free up traffic on high-density rail lines, and facilitate the switch from road to rail and coastal shipping.
The Gati Shakti initiative, which aims to improve connectivity, support economic growth, and improve the general quality of life for citizens, represents a remarkable step towards changing India's infrastructure landscape. Gati Shakti can promote innovation, drive sustainable development, and turn India into a global powerhouse by utilising modern technologies and a comprehensive strategy that unites multiple sectors. To ensure the successful implementation of Gati Shakti, we must continue to move forward, encourage collaboration among stakeholders and address obstacles.