Introduction
The ‘Smart City Mission' is a revolutionary project initiated by the Government of India in 2015 to transform the country's urban landscape. The primary goal of the govt. is to transform all Indian cities into smart cities by leveraging technologies and promoting local area development. The government plans to redevelop the existing areas, create livelihood for locals and develop new areas (e.g., greenfield areas) to accommodate the expanding urban population. Implementation of smart solutions in cities would entail deployment of technology, information and data to enhance infrastructure and improve services. Such a comprehensive development would improve the quality of life, generate employment and boost income for locals.
The government has selected 100 cities for area-based and pan-city development between 2019 and 2023. The following three-model approach was adopted for area-based smart city development:
Three-model approach |
Description |
Retrofitting |
This includes planning in an existing built-up area (>500 acres) to establish robust infrastructure service levels and numerous smart applications. |
Redevelopment |
This includes replacing the current built-up area (>50 acres) and allowing a new layout to be co-created using integrated land and increased density. For example, the Saifee Burhani Upliftment Project, Mumbai (the Bhendi Bazaar Project), and redevelopment of East Kidwai Nagar, New Delhi (undertaken by the National Building Construction Corporation). |
Greenfield |
This includes introduction of smart solutions in a previously vacant area (>250 acres) using innovative planning, financing and implementation tools (e.g., land pooling/reconstitution), with provision for affordable housing. For example, GIFT City in Gujarat. |
Investment
In 2020, the total allocated investments for the ‘Smart City Mission’ stood at ~Rs. 205,018 crore (US$ 28.31 billion). Of the total investments, 5,331 projects worth ~Rs. 176,059 crore (US$ 24.31 billion)—86% of the total—have been tendered as of 2020. Work orders have been issued for 4,540 projects worth ~Rs. 139,969 crore (US$ 19.33 billion)—68% of the total—and 2,122 projects worth ~Rs. 34,986 crore (US$ 4.83 billion) have been completed (17% of the total) as of 2020.
Development of Various Sectors for 'Smart City Mission'
Sector |
Scheme |
Development |
Health and Wellbeing |
Jal Jeevan Mission (Urban) |
The Union Budget 2021 announced allocation of Rs. 2,87,000 crore (US$ 39.36 billion) over the next five years for Jal Jeevan Mission (Urban). This will entail providing tap connections in 2.86 crore households, universal water supply in all 4,378 urban local bodies and liquid waste management in 500 AMRUT (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation) cities. |
Telecom |
BharatNet |
As of August 2020, the total OFC (optical-fibre cable) laid under the scheme is 449,400 kms. |
Science and Technology |
National Digital Communications Policy |
Under the policy, the government aims to accomplish the following strategic objectives by 2022:
|
Other developments and progress as of 2020
Infrastructure implementation of ‘Smart Cities’ accelerated across the country in 2020.
Integrated command & control centres (ICCCs) to enable cities with evidence-based smart governance (operationalised in 53 cities and in-progress in 30 cities). An outlay of Rs. 15,000 crore (US$ 2.07 billion) investment has been earmarked for this. ICCCs are likely to be set up in all 100 Smart Cities by 2022.
The government has rolled out the following key programmes:
Key programmes |
Description |
Ease of Living Index and Municipal Performance Index |
Models for outcome and performance evaluation to measure the quality of life and effectiveness of cities have been implemented in 114 cities. As part of the Citizen Perception Survey, over 31 lakh citizens have actively engaged with the survey. |
Urban Learning and Internship Programme (TULIP) |
It aims to align opportunity for potential graduates in ULBs/smart cities with learning objectives. Over 13,000 internships have been registered by 284 Smart Cities/ULBs; of this, 828 candidates are interns and 81 have completed their internships. |
DataSmart Cities and Data Maturity Assessment Framework (DMAF) |
To help cities build an ecosystem for data-driven governance. It was rolled out in the initial plan for 100 Smart Cities and now, the government plans to expand the ‘DataSmart Cities Strategy’ to 500 cities. |
Climate Smart Cities Assessment Framework (CSCAF) |
It was implemented in 100 cities to help cities look at urban planning and governance from a climate change viewpoint. |
Open Data Platform/India Urban Data Exchange (IUDX) |
The government plans to enable 500 cities with Open Data Platform/India Urban Data Exchange (IUDX). |
Benefits under the ‘Smart City Mission’
The ‘Smart City Mission’ has played a significant role in implementing various measures during the pandemic to ensure ease of living for citizens.
Smart cities transformed into Covid-19 war rooms
The mission has helped ensure that Smart Cities remain at the forefront of leveraging technology to efficiently manage the COVID-19 crisis. As part of the initiative, >50 smart cities across Bangalore, Pune, Indore, Agra, Varanasi and Surat transformed their ICCCs into COVID-19 war rooms to aid various government departments dealing with COVID-19 responses. For example, in 24 hours, a model COVID war room was established in Bengaluru Smart City.
Key initiatives |
Description |
Integrated dashboards to monitor COVID-19 hotspots
|
In cities such as Pune, Agra, Amritsar, Surat and Bengaluru, integrated dashboards were built for efficient decision-making, management of COVID hotspots, medical services, and monitoring movement of goods & services and lockdown operations. |
Web-based/mobile applications for contact tracing
|
Smart cities such as Surat, Pune, Nagpur, Agra and Chennai leveraged web-based/mobile contact tracking and monitoring applications to trace and monitor COVID-19 infected people. |
ICCCs for telemedicine
|
Smart cities such as Kanpur, Gwalior, Indore and Agra leveraged ICCCs for two-way interaction with dedicated telemedicine lines for consultation and patient therapy. |
Drones to manage lockdown
|
To effectively manage COVID-19-induced lockdowns and monitor social distances in public spaces more effectively, Smart Cities leveraged smart communication networks and drones. |
Open Data Platform/India Urban Data Exchange (IUDX) |
The government plans to enable 500 cities with Open Data Platform/India Urban Data Exchange (IUDX). |
Budget Allocation and Recent Initiatives
The Union Budget 2021 allocated Rs. 13,750 crore (US$ 1.90 billion) for the ‘Urban Rejuvenation Mission’—Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation ‘AMRUT’ and Smart Cities Mission. Out of the total, the Smart Cities Mission was allocated funds worth Rs. 6,450 crore (US$ 891.27 million) in a revision to the Union Budget 2020-21’s earlier estimate of Rs. 3,400 crore (US$ 469.82 million).
Recent initiatives
Conclusion
Urban areas are expected to house 40% of India's population and contribute 75% to India's GDP by 2030. In India, the Smart Cities Mission is an initiative for urban city planning. The government, through its various programmes, is testing new products and initiatives to effectively implement ‘Smart Cities’. Initiatives such as the Smart Cities Forum gather collaborative insights from all relevant sectors for effective project planning and implementation. Also, private sector players are collaborating with cities to develop new products and services to respond to local needs.