Electronics System Design & Manufacturing (ESDM) Industry in India

Investments/ Developments

Reliance Industries is set to build the world’s largest data center in Jamnagar, Gujarat, marking a major step in its entry into India's artificial intelligence (AI) sector. The company has procured AI semiconductors from Nvidia to power this project following a collaboration announcement at October 2024 Nvidia AI Summit.

Apple is engaged in discussions with Bharat Forge to establish a partnership, potentially designating the company as a supplier for the manufacturing of components such as mechanical parts.

FollowG has introduced an AI-powered application for the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC), designed to assist small and medium-sized electronics retailers by facilitating connections with buyers across the country.

Investment of Rs. 8,803 crore (US$ 1.06 billion) has been made under the scheme for promotion of manufacturing of electronic components and semiconductors.

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology has supported over 3,600 tech startups with a total fund disbursement of Rs. 212 crore (US$ 25.5 million).

India has made substantial cuts to import duties on mobile phones to enhance exports. In the last financial year, mobile phone exports reached Rs 1.2 lakh crore (US$ 14.4 billion), and this upward trend is expected to persist.

India emerged as the second-largest manufacturer of mobile phones in the world, with a production value of mobile devices reaching US$ 49.16 billion in 2024.

Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi participated in the event named India's Techade: Chips for Viksit Bharat and laid the foundation stone for three semiconductor projects valued at Rs. 1.25 lakh crore (US$ 14.97 billion) on 13th March 2024.

Major Government initiatives such as ‘Digital India’, ‘Make in India’ and supportive policies including a favorable FDI Policy for electronics manufacturing have simplified the process of setting up manufacturing units in India.

Post-COVID, the Government of India aims to increase India’s contribution by around US$ 400 billion worth of electronics goods including exports worth US$ 120 billion, which would account for 9-10% of the overall global value chains, from the current supply potential of 1-2%.

Union Budget 2023-24 has allocated Rs. 16,549 crore (US$ 2 billion) for the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, which is nearly 40% higher on year. The budget for FY23 had allocated Rs. 14,300 crore (US$ 1.73 billion) for the IT ministry.

The Indian startup ecosystem is experiencing a surge over the years, due to rapid technological advancements, increasing internet penetration, growing digital infrastructure, rising startup culture, government initiatives like Digital India, Make in India, and Startup India, as well as a large pool of skilled workforce.

India has witnessed an exceptional surge in the creation and funding of startups as the country has solidified its position as a major global centre for innovation and businesses. However, securing adequate funding remains a significant task for startups, often leading to survival challenges.

In 2023, the funding scenario for tech startups turned bleak amid the global uncertainty, witnessing a 67% YoY plunge in total funding to US$ 6.0 billion. This decline came after the peak funding levels observed in 2021 (US$ 24.1 billion) and 2022 (US$ 18.2 billion), where investors displayed confidence in Indian tech startups. In 2023, the number of deals declined to 824. However, the decline appears to be cyclical than a long-term trend.

STPI Signs MoUs to strengthen tech startup ecosystem: AIC STPINEXT Initiatives (STPINEXT), a special purpose vehicle of Software Technology Parks of India (STPI), an organisation under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has signed two memorandums of understanding (MoUs), one with HDFC Bank, and another with Excelpoint Systems India Pvt. Ltd., a niche technology player for fostering entrepreneurship and nurturing tech startups in the country. These partners would play a critical role in supporting and handholding the startups in the growth journey through technical guidance & assistance, mentoring, pitching to investors, funding support, and market connect & access etc.

Some of the investments/ developments in the Electronics System Design & Manufacturing (ESDM) sector in the recent past are as follows:

• The cumulative FDI equity inflow in the Electronics industry is Rs. 44,594 crore (US$ 6.28 billion) during the period April 2000- December 2024.
• The Index of Industrial Production of manufacturing was valued at 164.8, in March 2025.
• The total budgetary allocation for the MeitY in the Union Budget FY26 stood at Rs. 26,026 crore (US$ 3.08 billion), reflecting an 18.64% increase over the budget estimates of FY25.
• The Ministry of Defence has finalized a contract with Bharat Electronics Limited, Bengaluru, for the procurement of Electronic Warfare Suites, aircraft modification kits, and their installation on Mi-17 V5 helicopters for the Indian Air Force, amounting to a total cost of Rs. 2,385 crore (US$ 282.1 million).
• On the 32nd foundation day of the department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) at AIIMS, New Delhi, the Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering & Research (SAMEER) and AIIMS signed a MoU to foster collaborative research on medical devices. This agreement will facilitate joint efforts to develop high-field and low-field Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and NMR systems, while also promoting research in radio frequency, microwave systems, and related fields for medical applications.
• Competition Commission of India has approved the acquisition of certain shareholding of Pegatron Technology India Pvt. Ltd. (Pegatron India) by Tata Electronics Pvt. Ltd. (TEPL) and the transfer of TEL Components Pvt. Ltd. (TEL)’s business undertaking to Pegatron India.
• As of November 2023, applications of 27 IT hardware mobile phones manufacturers have been approved for Production Linked Incentive scheme (PLI).
• In March 2024, the Cabinet approved a massive Rs. 1.26 trillion (US$ 15.2 billion) investment in three semiconductor plants, signifying India's technological progress.
• India and Taiwan plan a US$ 7.5 billion chip plant deal, potentially boosting India’s semiconductor manufacturing with anticipated tariff reductions on components.
• Production-linked scheme (PLI) for large-scale electronics manufacturing (including mobiles) has seen investments worth Rs. 6,887 crore (US$ 833 million) (till June 2023), already surpassing the target for FY24 which was Rs. 5,488 crore (US$ 664.4 million).
• In July 2023, electronics maker Elista announced that it would invest Rs. 100 crore (US$ 12.1 million) in Andhra Pradesh to set up a manufacturing unit for Smart LED TVs, smartwatches, audio speakers, and large appliances.
• US CHIP design major Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) will invest up to US$ 400 million in India over the next five years and will set up its biggest design facility in the country.
• India's electronics sector is set to harness US$ 7 billion untapped revenue by 2035 via circular business model and policy pathways, industry stakeholders said. Current commitments and targets set the projected market size for these circular models at US$ 13 billion in 2035.
• India has overtaken China as the second-largest manufacturer of mobile devices in the world, according to a report released by the international research firm Counterpoint in August. The ‘Make in India’ initiative's mobile phone shipments from India exceeded 2 billion cumulative units and an annual growth rate of 23% was recorded.
• According to a report 'India Monthly Wearable Device Tracker' by International Data Corporation (IDC), "hundreds" of" smartwatch model launches in the first half of the calendar year 2023 contributed to India's wearable market's growth of 53.3% year-over-year (YoY). The companies shipped 57.8 million units of wearables like smartwatches, earwear, and eyeglasses to the market in the first half of CY23.
• The Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY) announced the exchange of signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE) at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru and Lam Research India at the SemiconIndia in Gandhinagar.
• In November 2023, Mr. Ashwini Vaishnaw, Union Minister of Communications & IT said that 99% of mobiles used in India are made in India.
• Industrial robot accessories company Robot System Products (RSP) has announced plans to set up a subsidiary in India. The Indian entity Scandinavian Robot Systems India Private Limited has been registered in Chennai and will supply a range of industrial robot accessories to Indian customers.
• India Semiconductor Mission organized a three-day SemiconIndia 2023 Conference in July 2023 with the theme ‘Catalysing India’s Semiconductor Ecosystem’ in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. SemiconIndia 2023 witnessed the participation of industry leaders from major global companies such as Micron Technology, Applied Materials, Foxconn, Cadence and AMD, and the industry association, SEMI.
• India and Japan on July 20, 2023, signed an agreement for semiconductor design, manufacturing, equipment research, and talent development and to bring resilience to the semiconductor supply chain.
• In FY23, the exports of electronic goods were recorded at US$ 23.57 billion as compared to US$ 15.66 billion during FY22, registering a growth of 50.52%.
• A nine-member task force was constituted by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) in March 2023 with the primary goal of making India a ‘product developer and manufacturing nation’, as per a report. The members of the task force are some of the veterans from the Indian electronic industry, including HCL Founder Mr. Ajay Chowdhary, Lava International Chairman Mr. Hari Om Rai, and Boat Lifestyle Co-Founder Mr. Aman Gupta, among others.
• In March 2023, the Government approved the setting up of the Electronics Manufacturing Cluster (EMC) at Hubli-Dharwad in Karnataka, worth US$ 22 million (Rs. 180 crore) and is expected to create about 18,000 jobs.
• As global companies are leveraging the well-developed manufacturing system in the State, Tamil Nadu has emerged as one of the major electronics hardware manufacturing and exporting States in the country. The state is well positioned to achieve a US$ 100 billion ESDM industry in the next five years.
• The India Cellular and Electronics Association in February 2023 signed a memorandum of understanding with the Uttar Pradesh government to facilitate investments as the electronics manufacturing and skill hub to cater to domestic demand and exports. The government has set a target to achieve US$ 300 billion of electronics manufacturing by 2025-26, out of which US$ 75-100 billion of electronics manufacturing is expected from UP.
• Mitsubishi Electric India would invest Rs. 1,891 crore (US$ 230.9 million) to build an air conditioner and compressor factory in Tamil Nadu. This facility will generate over 2,000 jobs, 60% of which will be held by women.
• Vedanta Group signed memorandums of understanding (MoUs) with 20 Korean companies from the display glass industry for the development of an electronics manufacturing hub in India. The MoUs were signed at the 'Korea Biz-Trade Show 2023' event organised by KOTRA, in collaboration with Korea's Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy.
• In November 2022, Voltas entered into a technology license agreement with Denmark’s Vestfrost Solutions to develop, manufacture, sell and service medical refrigeration and vaccine storage equipment including ice-lined refrigerators, vaccine freezers and ultra-low temperature freezers to the Indian market.
• Voltas announced plans of Rs. 400 crore (US$ 50.10 million) capex under the PLI scheme to manufacture components for white goods in May 2022.
• In March 2022, Reliance announced that it would invest US$ 220 million in a joint venture with Sanmina Corp, a US-listed company for making electronic products in Asian countries.